Foundations in St. George
Foundation problems in St. George usually come from the soil. Several kinds of problem soil are common in the area, and most of them react to water.
Collapsible soil
The Utah Geological Survey says collapsible soils are common in the St. George–Hurricane area, chiefly young debris-flow sediments on alluvial fans. Strong and stiff when dry, they can settle up to 10 percent of the deposit's thickness when wetted for the first time, damaging structures. A house can sit on such soil for years without trouble until a broken pipe, overwatered landscaping or a downspout soaks the ground. Then part of the foundation drops.
Other problem soils
The survey's hazard maps for the area also cover expansive soil and rock, which swells when wet and shrinks when dry; gypsiferous soil and rock, which can dissolve; breccia pipes and paleokarst; soil piping and erosion; and shallow groundwater. The survey notes that as land well suited for development has grown scarce, building has moved into less favorable areas.
Water is the trigger
In January 2005, flooding along the Santa Clara River in St. George caused damage to homes estimated at $300 million. Floods are the dramatic case, but everyday water does more foundation damage: irrigation next to the house, leaking water and sewer lines, and downspouts emptying at the foundation. Before structural repairs, have drainage and irrigation looked at, and ask a plumber to test for leaks under the slab if cracks appeared suddenly.
Diagnosis
Ask the contractor to explain what they think is moving, why, and how they'll measure it. A floor elevation survey shows where the house has settled. For significant movement, ask whether a geotechnical engineer should evaluate the soil, and whether your home's original soils report can be found.
Repair methods
Piers can be driven or drilled to deeper soil or rock, and some soils can be treated. The right method depends on the soil type. Ask why the contractor chose their method, what the piers will bear on and how deep they'll go, and what the warranty covers.
Utah's license
Utah law exempts alteration and repair work under $7,000 from contractor licensing; foundation repairs usually cost more. Ask for the contractor's Utah license from the Division of Professional Licensing, and check it before you sign.